Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

he undertook to do the work

  • 1 браться

    взяться
    1. (за вн. или + инф.; брать на себя) undertake* (d. или + to inf.)
    2. (за вн.; приступать, начинать) begin* (+ to inf. или ger.), start (ger.), take* up (d.)

    браться за чтение — begin* to read; begin* / start reading; get* down to reading

    браться за дело — get* down to business, или to brass tacks

    браться за перо, за кисть — take* up the pen, the brush

    взяться за работу — set* about the work, apply oneself to the work

    3. (за вн.; руками) touch (d.); ( хвататься) seize (d.)

    браться за руки — join hands; link arms

    ♢ браться за ум разг. — come* to one's senses, become* / grow* reasonable

    браться за кого-л. разг. — take* smb. in hand

    откуда это берётся? — where does all this come from?, what is the source of all this?

    откуда ни возьмись разг. — from nowhere, out of the blue

    откуда что берётся? — who would ever have expected it?, who would have thought it?

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > браться

  • 2 браться

    несов. - бра́ться, сов. - взя́ться
    1) (за вн.; руками) touch (d); ( хвататься) seize (d)

    бра́ться за́ руки — join hands; link arms

    2) (за вн.; приступать, начинать) begin (+ to inf или ger), start (ger), take up (d)

    бра́ться за чте́ние — begin to read; begin / start reading; get down to reading

    бра́ться за де́ло — get down to business

    он и не бра́лся за кни́гу — he never started on the book

    бра́ться за перо́ [за кисть] — take up the pen [the brush]

    взя́ться за рабо́ту — set about the work, apply oneself to the work

    3) (за вн. или + инф.; брать на себя) undertake (d или + to inf)

    он взя́лся за э́ту рабо́ту — he undertook to do the work

    взя́ться за разреше́ние пробле́мы — tackle a problem

    4) разг. (за кого́-л; воздействовать на кого-л) take smb in hand
    5) разг. тк. 3-е лицо (появляться, возникать) appear, arise

    отку́да э́то берётся? — where does all this come from?, what is the source of all this?

    не зна́ю, отку́да у них де́ньги беру́тся — I don't know where they get their money

    6) страд. к брать 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 10), 13), 14), 16)
    ••

    бра́ться за ум разг. — come to one's senses, become / grow reasonable

    отку́да ни возьми́сь разг. — from nowhere, out of the blue

    отку́да что берётся? — who would ever have expected it?

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > браться

  • 3 zobowią|zać

    pf — zobowią|zywać impf (zobowiążę — zobowiązuję) Ⅰ vt to oblige, to obligate
    - zobowiązać kogoś do czegoś to oblige a. obligate sb to do sth
    - został zobowiązany do całkowitej dyskrecji he was sworn a. pledged to secrecy
    - jedno spotkanie do niczego nie zobowiązuje one meeting doesn’t obligate you in any way
    Ⅱ zobowiązać się — zobowiązywać się to commit oneself (do czegoś to sth); to undertake książk. (do czegoś to do sth)
    - zobowiązał się do pomocy he pledged to help
    - zobowiązała się, że wykona pracę przed terminem she promised a. undertook to complete the work before the deadline

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zobowią|zać

  • 4 dato

    m.
    1 piece of information, fact (hecho, cifra).
    datos information, data; (información) data (computing)
    datos (personales) (personal) details
    2 Dato.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: datar.
    * * *
    1 (información) fact, piece of information, datum
    \
    datos personales personal details
    * * *
    noun m.
    fact, piece of information
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=información) piece of information

    un dato interesante — an interesting fact o piece of information

    otro dato que tener en cuenta es... — another thing to bear in mind is...

    datos personales — personal details, particulars

    2) (Mat) datum
    * * *
    a) ( elemento de información) piece of information

    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía — (CS) somebody informed o (colloq) tipped off the police

    darle un dato a alguien — (CS) to give somebody a tip

    b) datos masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information
    * * *
    = attribute value, data element, data item, datum [data, -pl.], fact, value, piece of information.
    Ex. Others have used possibility distributions for representing fuzzily known or incompletely known attribute values.
    Ex. The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex. Information is held in files or databases, which are comprise of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex. Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex. Other data bases, which may be described as non-bibliographic, and are sometimes known as data banks, store actual facts and figures and text.
    Ex. A good initial value for this field will start the system off with a good guess so that claims for missing issues are not unreasonable at the beginning.
    Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    ----
    * alimentar datos = populate.
    * almacenamiento de datos = data storage.
    * añadir datos = make + additions.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.
    * auditoría de datos = data auditing, data audit.
    * banco de datos = data bank [databank], factual data bank.
    * banco de datos factual = factual data bank.
    * banco de datos terminológico = terminological data bank.
    * basado en los datos = data-driven.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * bloque de datos = data bloc.
    * bloque funcional de datos codificados = coded information block.
    * búfer de datos = data buffer.
    * bus de datos = databus.
    * búsqueda de datos = fact-finding.
    * campo de datos = datafield.
    * capturar datos = capture + data.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * codificación de datos = data-coding [data coding].
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * conjunto de datos = data set [dataset].
    * contaminación de datos = data contamination.
    * corrupción de datos = data corruption.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dato concreto = hard fact.
    * datos = data [datum, -sing.], details, figure.
    * datos bibliográficos = bibliographic data, bibliodata.
    * datos biográficos = biodata.
    * datos concretos = specifics, the.
    * datos concretos y reales = hard data.
    * datos de contacto = contact details.
    * datos de entrada = input data.
    * datos de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card details.
    * datos demográficos = demographics.
    * datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.
    * datos empíricos = empirical data.
    * datos en bruto = raw data.
    * datos en estado bruto = raw facts.
    * datos en propiedad = property data.
    * datos erróneos = dirty data.
    * datos estadísticos = statistics, statistical data.
    * datos estadísticos de la biblioteca = library records, library statistics.
    * datos factuales = factual data.
    * datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.
    * datos numéricos = numerical data.
    * datos personales = personal details.
    * datos privados = property data.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * depósito de datos = data warehouse.
    * depuración de datos = data cleaning.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * dispositivo de almacenamiento de datos = store.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = host system.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * entrada de datos = data entry, input, inputting.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * estructura de datos = data structure.
    * extracción inteligente de datos = data mining.
    * fichero de salida de datos = communication output file.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestor de bases de datos = DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * hoja con los datos básicos para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * hoja de toma de datos = checklist [check-list], data sheet [datasheet].
    * impreso de recogida de datos = enquiry form, inquiry form.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * inserción de datos = input.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.
    * introducir datos = key + data.
    * introducir datos en el ordenador = input.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * introductor de datos en un ordenador = inputter.
    * limpieza de datos = data cleaning.
    * lista de datos = fact finder.
    * localización de datos = addressing.
    * manipulación de datos = data manipulation.
    * memoria intermedia de datos = data buffer.
    * memorizar datos = memorise + facts.
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * migración de datos = data migration.
    * minería de datos = data mining.
    * modo de introducción de datos = input mode.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * operación sobre datos = data manipulation.
    * operario de entrada de datos = data entry operator.
    * paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.
    * pérdida de datos = data loss.
    * personal de proceso de datos = operation staff.
    * preparación de los datos = data preparation.
    * procesamiento de datos = data processing.
    * procesamiento de datos numéricos = number-crunching.
    * proceso de datos = data processing, transaction processing.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * protección de datos = data protection.
    * prototipo para el proceso de datos = data modelling.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * recabar datos = solicit + data.
    * recoger datos = collect + data.
    * recoger datos para hacer estadísticas = collect + statistics.
    * recogida de datos = data collection, data gathering [data-gathering], fact-gathering, reporting, data collecting.
    * salida de datos = output.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas (ISDS) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * suministrar datos = furnish + details.
    * suministro de datos = reporting.
    * tecla de borrado de datos = ERASE INPUT key.
    * tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.
    * técnico encargado del proceso de datos = data-processing professional.
    * tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.
    * tráfico de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.
    * transformación de datos = data transformation.
    * transmisión de datos = data-flow, data transfer, data transmission.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * unidad de datos = unit of data.
    * verificación de los datos = fact checking.
    * vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.
    * * *
    a) ( elemento de información) piece of information

    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía — (CS) somebody informed o (colloq) tipped off the police

    darle un dato a alguien — (CS) to give somebody a tip

    b) datos masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information
    * * *
    = attribute value, data element, data item, datum [data, -pl.], fact, value, piece of information.

    Ex: Others have used possibility distributions for representing fuzzily known or incompletely known attribute values.

    Ex: The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex: Information is held in files or databases, which are comprise of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.
    Ex: Thus, having entered the authority datum correctly once, we could be sure that no matter how many bibliographic records used it they would all do so with mechanical consistency.
    Ex: Other data bases, which may be described as non-bibliographic, and are sometimes known as data banks, store actual facts and figures and text.
    Ex: A good initial value for this field will start the system off with a good guess so that claims for missing issues are not unreasonable at the beginning.
    Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    * alimentar datos = populate.
    * almacenamiento de datos = data storage.
    * añadir datos = make + additions.
    * archivo de datos = database [data base].
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.
    * auditoría de datos = data auditing, data audit.
    * banco de datos = data bank [databank], factual data bank.
    * banco de datos factual = factual data bank.
    * banco de datos terminológico = terminological data bank.
    * basado en los datos = data-driven.
    * basado en un gestor de bases de datos = DBMS-based.
    * base de datos = data bank [databank], database [data base], database software.
    * base de datos automatizada = computer database, computer-held database, computerised database, machine-readable database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica = bibliographic database.
    * base de datos bibliográfica de resúmenes = abstracts based bibliographic database.
    * base de datos catalográfica = catalogue database.
    * base de datos completa = full-provision database.
    * base de datos con información confidencial = intelligence database.
    * base de datos cruzada = cross database.
    * base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.
    * base de datos de autoridades = authority database.
    * base de datos de carburantes = TULSA.
    * base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.
    * base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.
    * base de datos de dominio público = public domain database.
    * base de datos de educación = ERIC.
    * base de datos de imágenes = image database, image bank.
    * base de datos de investigación = research database.
    * base de datos del gobierno de USA = CRECORD, FEDREG.
    * base de datos de lógica difusa = fuzzy database.
    * base de datos de medicina = MEDLINE.
    * base de datos de negocios = business database.
    * base de datos de pago = subscription database.
    * base de datos de patentes = WPI.
    * base de datos de propiedades = properties database.
    * base de datos de referencia = reference database.
    * base de datos de referencia a especialistas = referral database.
    * base de datos de registros de catálogo = catalogue record database.
    * base de datos de texto = text-oriented database, text database.
    * base de datos de texto completo = full text database.
    * base de datos de texto libre = free text database.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * base de datos distribuida = distributed database.
    * base de datos en CD-ROM = CD-ROM database.
    * base de datos en disco óptico = optical disc database.
    * base de datos en estado original = raw database.
    * base de datos en línea = online database.
    * base de datos estadística = statistical database.
    * base de datos externa = external database.
    * base de datos factual = factual database.
    * base de datos interna = in-house database.
    * base de datos jurídica = legal database.
    * base de datos multimedia = multimedia database.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * base de datos numérica = numeric database, numerical database.
    * base de datos relacional = relational database.
    * base de datos residente = resident database.
    * base de datos terminológica = terminology database.
    * bloque de datos = data bloc.
    * bloque funcional de datos codificados = coded information block.
    * búfer de datos = data buffer.
    * bus de datos = databus.
    * búsqueda de datos = fact-finding.
    * campo de datos = datafield.
    * capturar datos = capture + data.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * codificación de datos = data-coding [data coding].
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * conjunto de datos = data set [dataset].
    * contaminación de datos = data contamination.
    * corrupción de datos = data corruption.
    * creación de depósitos de datos = data warehousing.
    * creador de bases de datos = database producer.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dato concreto = hard fact.
    * datos = data [datum, -sing.], details, figure.
    * datos bibliográficos = bibliographic data, bibliodata.
    * datos biográficos = biodata.
    * datos concretos = specifics, the.
    * datos concretos y reales = hard data.
    * datos de contacto = contact details.
    * datos de entrada = input data.
    * datos de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card details.
    * datos demográficos = demographics.
    * datos desagregados por sexo = gender-disaggregated data.
    * datos empíricos = empirical data.
    * datos en bruto = raw data.
    * datos en estado bruto = raw facts.
    * datos en propiedad = property data.
    * datos erróneos = dirty data.
    * datos estadísticos = statistics, statistical data.
    * datos estadísticos de la biblioteca = library records, library statistics.
    * datos factuales = factual data.
    * datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.
    * datos numéricos = numerical data.
    * datos personales = personal details.
    * datos privados = property data.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * depósito de datos = data warehouse.
    * depuración de datos = data cleaning.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * directorio de empresas en base de datos = company directory database.
    * dispositivo de almacenamiento de datos = store.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos = host system.
    * distribuidor de bases de datos en línea = online vendor.
    * EDI (Intercambio Electrónico de Datos) = EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
    * entrada de datos = data entry, input, inputting.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * estructura de datos = data structure.
    * extracción inteligente de datos = data mining.
    * fichero de salida de datos = communication output file.
    * gestión de bases de datos = database management.
    * gestión de datos = data handling.
    * gestor de bases de datos = DBMS system.
    * gestor de bases de datos relacionales = relational database management system.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * hoja con los datos básicos para Hacer Algo = data sheet [datasheet].
    * hoja de toma de datos = checklist [check-list], data sheet [datasheet].
    * impreso de recogida de datos = enquiry form, inquiry form.
    * industria de las bases de datos = database industry.
    * inserción de datos = input.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * introducción de datos utilizando un teclado = keypunching.
    * introducir datos = key + data.
    * introducir datos en el ordenador = input.
    * introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.
    * introductor de datos en un ordenador = inputter.
    * limpieza de datos = data cleaning.
    * lista de datos = fact finder.
    * localización de datos = addressing.
    * manipulación de datos = data manipulation.
    * memoria intermedia de datos = data buffer.
    * memorizar datos = memorise + facts.
    * meta base de datos = meta-database.
    * migración de datos = data migration.
    * minería de datos = data mining.
    * modo de introducción de datos = input mode.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * operación sobre datos = data manipulation.
    * operario de entrada de datos = data entry operator.
    * paquete de entrada y comprobación de datos = data entry and validation package.
    * pérdida de datos = data loss.
    * personal de proceso de datos = operation staff.
    * preparación de los datos = data preparation.
    * procesamiento de datos = data processing.
    * procesamiento de datos numéricos = number-crunching.
    * proceso de datos = data processing, transaction processing.
    * productor de bases de datos = database producer.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * protección de datos = data protection.
    * prototipo para el proceso de datos = data modelling.
    * proveedor de bases de datos = database provider.
    * recabar datos = solicit + data.
    * recoger datos = collect + data.
    * recoger datos para hacer estadísticas = collect + statistics.
    * recogida de datos = data collection, data gathering [data-gathering], fact-gathering, reporting, data collecting.
    * salida de datos = output.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas (ISDS) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * suministrar datos = furnish + details.
    * suministro de datos = reporting.
    * tecla de borrado de datos = ERASE INPUT key.
    * tecla de introducción de datos = ENTER key.
    * técnico encargado del proceso de datos = data-processing professional.
    * tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.
    * tráfico de datos de un modo intermitente = bursty traffic.
    * transformación de datos = data transformation.
    * transmisión de datos = data-flow, data transfer, data transmission.
    * tratamiento de datos = transaction processing.
    * unidad de datos = unit of data.
    * verificación de los datos = fact checking.
    * vía de transmisión de datos = data pathway, pathway.

    * * *
    1 (elemento de información) piece of information
    no tengo más datos que el título de la obra the only thing I know about the work is its title, the only information I have about the work is its title
    no dispongo de todos los datos I don't have all the information o details o facts
    alguien le pasó el dato a la policía (CS); somebody informed o ( colloq) tipped off the police
    me han dado un dato muy interesante (CS); I've been given a very interesting piece of information o ( colloq) a hot tip
    te voy a dar un dato, si no lo enchufas no funciona (CS hum); let me give you a tip: it won't work unless you plug it in
    2 datos mpl ( Inf) data (pl), information
    Compuesto:
    mpl particulars (pl), personal details (pl)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo datar: ( conjugate datar)

    dato es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    dató es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    datar    
    dato
    datar ( conjugate datar) verbo intransitivo
    to date;

    data de hace muchos años it goes back many years
    dato sustantivo masculino


    datos personales personal details (pl)
    b)

    ◊ datos sustantivo masculino plural (Inf) data (pl), information

    datar
    I verbo transitivo to date, put a date on
    II verbo intransitivo datar de, to date back to o from: este libro data de la Edad Media, this book dates back to the Middle Ages
    dato sustantivo masculino
    1 piece of information 2 datos, Inform data
    (pormenores) information: no tengo más datos sobre este autor, I don't have any more details about his author
    datos personales, personal details
    La traducción de dato es datum, pero solo se usa en situaciones muy formales. La traducción de datos es data (plural irregular). El singular más común de data es a piece of information.
    ' dato' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    filtrar
    - filtración
    - informativa
    - informativo
    - relevante
    - consignar
    - consultar
    - equivocado
    - falso
    English:
    data
    - information
    - tip
    * * *
    dato nm
    1. [hecho, cifra] piece of information, fact;
    lo que necesitamos son datos concretos what we need is hard facts;
    el alto desempleo es un dato que hay que tener en cuenta the high level of unemployment is a factor which has to be borne in mind;
    datos [información] information, data;
    si no me das más datos, no voy a poderte aconsejar unless you give me more information, I won't be able to advise you;
    el ministerio aún no cuenta con todos los datos the ministry does not yet have all the information at its disposal;
    datos (personales) (personal) details;
    déjenos sus datos y nos pondremos en contacto con usted leave us your details and we will get in touch with you
    datos bancarios bank details;
    datos estadísticos statistical data
    * * *
    m piece of information;
    datos pl information sg, data sg
    * * *
    dato nm
    1) : fact, piece of information
    2) datos nmpl
    : data, information
    * * *
    dato n (información) piece of information

    Spanish-English dictionary > dato

  • 5 concluir

    v.
    1 to conclude.
    concluir haciendo o por hacer algo to end up doing something
    María concluyó su tarea Mary concluded her homework.
    Ella concluyó la solución She concluded the solution.
    2 to (come to an) end.
    3 to come to an end, to conclude, to reach the end.
    Su luto concluyó Her mourning came to an end.
    4 to finish off.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ HUIR], like link=huir huir
    1 (terminar) to finish
    2 (trato, negocio) to close
    3 (inferir) to conclude, infer
    4 (dar remate) to put the finishing touches to
    1 (finalizar) to finish, come to an end, conclude
    * * *
    verb
    2) end
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=finalizar) [+ estudios, trabajo] to finish, complete, conclude frm

    concluiremos las obras en 2014 — work will finish in 2014, the work will be completed in 2014

    2) (=alcanzar) [+ acuerdo, pacto] to reach
    3) (=deducir) to conclude
    2.
    VI frm (=finalizar) [acto, proceso, evento] to conclude, finish, end; [era, etapa] to end, come to an end; [plazo] to expire

    el acto concluyó con un brindis — the ceremony concluded o finished o ended with a toast

    y para concluir... — and finally...

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (frml) ( terminar) < obras> to complete, finish; < trámite> to complete; <acuerdo/tratado> to conclude
    2) (frml) ( deducir) to conclude, come to the conclusion
    2.
    concluir vi (frml)
    a) congreso/negociaciones to end, conclude

    concluir en/con algo — to end in/with something

    concluir de + inf — to finish -ing

    * * *
    = conclude, work out, wind up (in/at), wrap up, bring to + a close, finish off, top + Nombre + off, close + the book on.
    Ex. Thus chapter 21 concludes with a number of special rules.
    Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.
    Ex. Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'ACRL wraps up year 1 of Academic Library Statistics Project'.
    Ex. 2006 was brought to a close with a flurry of acquisitions.
    Ex. His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.
    Ex. Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.
    Ex. Obama, who tries to steer clear of the political thicket of race and politics, accepted the apology and said he wanted to close the book on the episode.
    ----
    * dar por concluido = close + the book on.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * sin concluir = unfinished.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (frml) ( terminar) < obras> to complete, finish; < trámite> to complete; <acuerdo/tratado> to conclude
    2) (frml) ( deducir) to conclude, come to the conclusion
    2.
    concluir vi (frml)
    a) congreso/negociaciones to end, conclude

    concluir en/con algo — to end in/with something

    concluir de + inf — to finish -ing

    * * *
    = conclude, work out, wind up (in/at), wrap up, bring to + a close, finish off, top + Nombre + off, close + the book on.

    Ex: Thus chapter 21 concludes with a number of special rules.

    Ex: The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.
    Ex: Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'ACRL wraps up year 1 of Academic Library Statistics Project'.
    Ex: 2006 was brought to a close with a flurry of acquisitions.
    Ex: His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.
    Ex: Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.
    Ex: Obama, who tries to steer clear of the political thicket of race and politics, accepted the apology and said he wanted to close the book on the episode.
    * dar por concluido = close + the book on.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * sin concluir = unfinished.

    * * *
    vt
    A ( frml) (terminar, completar) ‹obras› to complete, finish; ‹trámite› to complete; ‹acuerdo/tratado› to conclude
    otra firma se encargó de concluir el proyecto another company undertook to finish o complete the project
    se espera concluir las obras a fin de mes it is hoped that the work will be concluded o completed o finished by the end of the month
    B ( frml) (deducir) to conclude, come to the conclusion concluir algo DE algo to conclude sth FROM sth
    de lo dicho se puede concluir lo siguiente: … from what has been said one can conclude the following o draw the following conclusion/conclusions: …
    ■ concluir
    vi
    ( frml)
    1 «congreso/negociaciones» to end, conclude
    el plazo concluyó el día 17 the time limit expired on the 17th, the deadline was the 17th
    concluir EN/ CON algo:
    las conversaciones concluyeron en un acuerdo the talks ended in agreement
    concluyó con una concentración delante del cuartel it ended with a rally outside the barracks
    2 «persona»: concluir DE + INF; to finish -ING
    cuando concluyó de hablar when she finished speaking
    concluir CON algo to finish sth
    piensan concluir con las pruebas a la brevedad they plan to finish the trials as soon as possible
    * * *

     

    concluir ( conjugate concluir) verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) ( terminar) ‹ obras› to complete, finish;

    ‹ trámite› to complete;
    ‹acuerdo/tratado› to conclude

    concluir algo de algo to conclude sth from sth
    verbo intransitivo (frml)
    a) [congreso/negociaciones] to end, conclude;


    b) [ persona] concluir de hacer algo to finish doing sth

    concluir verbo transitivo to conclude
    ' concluir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rematar
    - zanjar
    English:
    close
    - conclude
    - deal with
    - follow through
    - round off
    - tie up
    - wrap up
    - complete
    - conclusion
    - round
    - wind
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [acabar] [concierto, película, reunión] to end, to conclude;
    [trabajo, obras] to finish, to complete;
    una ovación concluyó su discurso his speech got an ovation;
    al concluir 1999 todavía quedaban varias pueblos sin teléfono at the end of 1999, several villages were still not connected to the telephone network;
    “este incidente no se volverá a repetir”, concluyó “this incident will not be repeated,” he concluded
    2. [deducir] to conclude;
    acabó concluyendo que se había equivocado he finally concluded that he had made a mistake;
    de su respuesta concluyo que no le interesa from her answer I gather that she's not interested;
    de lo que se concluye que… from which we can conclude that…
    ♦ vi
    to (come to an) end;
    el plazo concluye hoy the time limit expires today, the deadline is today;
    la manifestación concluyó con la lectura de un poema the demonstration ended with the reading of a poem;
    este año las clases concluyen en junio term ends in June this year;
    concluir haciendo o [m5] por hacer algo to end up doing sth
    * * *
    v/t & v/i conclude
    * * *
    concluir {41} vt
    1) terminar: to conclude, to finish
    2) deducir: to deduce, to infer
    : to end, to conclude
    * * *
    1. (acabar) to end / to finish
    2. (deducir) to conclude

    Spanish-English dictionary > concluir

  • 6 Lawrence, Richard Smith

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 22 November 1817 Chester, Vermont, USA
    d. 10 March 1892 Hartford, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American gunsmith and inventor.
    [br]
    Richard S.Lawrence received only an elementary education and as a young man worked on local farms and later in a woodworking shop. His work there included making carpenters' and joiners' tools and he spent some of his spare time in a local gunsmith's shop. After a brief period of service in the Army, he obtained employment in 1838 with N.Kendall \& Co. of Windsor, Vermont, making guns at the Windsor prison. Within six months he was put in charge of the work, continuing in this position until 1842 when the gun-making ceased; he remained at the prison for a time in charge of the carriage shop. In 1843 he opened a gun shop in Windsor in partnership with Kendall, and the next year S.E. Robbins, a businessman, helped them obtain a contract from the Federal Government for 10,000 rifles. A new company, Robbins, Kendall \& Lawrence, was formed and a factory was built at Windsor. Three years later Kendall's share of the business was purchased by his partners and the firm became Robbins \& Lawrence. Lawrence supervised the design and production and, to improve methods of manufacture, developed new machine tools with the aid of F.W. Howe. In 1850 Lawrence introduced the lubrication of bullets, which practice ensured the success of the breech-loading rifle. Also in 1850, the company undertook to manufacture railway cars, but this involved them in a considerable financial loss. The company took to the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, England, a set of rifles built on the interchangeable system. The interest this created resulted in a visit of some members of the British Royal Small Arms Commission to America and subsequently an order for 150 machine tools, jigs and fixtures from Robbins \& Lawrence, to be installed at the small-arms factory at Enfield. In 1852 the company contracted to manufacture Sharps rifles and carbines at a new factory to be built at Hartford, Connecticut. Lawrence moved to Hartford in 1853 to superintend the building and equipment of the plant. Shortly afterwards, however, a promised order for a large number of rifles failed to materialize and, following its earlier financial difficulties, Robbins \& Lawrence was forced into bankruptcy. The Hartford plant was acquired by the Sharps Rifle Company in 1856 and Lawrence remained there as Superintendent until 1872. From then he was for many years Superintendent of Streets in the city of Hartford and he also served on the Water Board, the Board of Aldermen and as Chairman of the Fire Board.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; repub. 1926, New York; and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (provides biographical information and includes in an Appendix (pp. 281–94) autobiographical notes written by Richard S.Lawrence in 1890).
    Merritt Roe Smith, 1974, "The American Precision Museum", Technology and Culture 15 (3): 413–37 (for information on Robbins \& Lawrence and products).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Lawrence, Richard Smith

  • 7 Cosnier, Hugues

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Textiles
    [br]
    b. Angers (?) or Tours (?), France
    d. between July 1629 and March 1630
    [br]
    French engineer.
    [br]
    Cosnier was probably an Angevin as he had property in Tours although he lived in Paris; his father was valet de chambre to King Henri IV. Although he qualified as an engineer, he was primarily a man of ideas. On 23 December 1603 he obtained a grant to establish silkworm breeding, or sericulture, in Poitou by introducing 100,000 mulberry plants, together with 200 oz (5.7 kg) of mulberry seed. He had 2,000 instruction leaflets on silkworm breeding printed, but his project collapsed when the Poitevins refused to co-operate. Cosnier then distributed the plants and seeds to other parts of France. The same year he approached Henri IV with the proposal to build a canal from the Loire to the Seine, partly via the Loing, from Briare to Montargis. On the king's acceptance of his proposal, Cosnier on 11 March 1604 undertook to complete the canal, which necessitated crossing the ridge between the two rivers, over a three-year period for 505,000 livres. The Canal de Briare, as it became known, with thirty-six locks including the flight of seven at Rogny, was almost complete in 1610; however, the death of Henri IV led to its abandonment. Cosnier offered to complete it at his own expense, but his offer was refused. Instead, his accounts were examined and it was found that he had already exceeded his authorized credits by 35,000 livres. In settlement, after some quibbling, he was awarded the two seigneuries of Trousse near Briare. Cosnier then suggested encircling the Paris suburbs with a canal which would not only be navigable but would also provide a water supply for fountains and drains. His proposal was accepted in 1618, but the works were never started. In the 1620s the marquis d'Effiet proposed the completion of the Canal de Briare and Cosnier was invited to resume work. Before anything more could be done Cosnier died, some time between July 1629 and March 1630, and the work was again abandoned. The canal was ultimately completed by Boutheroue in 1642, but the seven locks at Rogny remain a dramatic monument to Cosnier's ability.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Cosnier, Hugues

  • 8 Donkin, Bryan I

    [br]
    b. 22 March 1768 Sandoe, Northumberland, England
    d. 27 February 1855 London, England
    [br]
    English mechanical engineer and inventor.
    [br]
    It was intended that Bryan Donkin should follow his father's profession of surveyor and land agent, so he spent a year or so in that occupation before he was apprenticed to John Hall, millwright of Dartford, Kent. Donkin remained with the firm after completing his apprenticeship, and when the Fourdrinier brothers in 1802 introduced from France an invention for making paper in continuous lengths they turned to John Hall for help in developing the machine: Donkin was chosen to undertake the work. In 1803 the Fourdriniers established their own works in Bermondsey, with Bryan Donkin in charge. By 1808 Donkin had acquired the works, but he continued to manufacture paper-making machines, paying a royalty to the patentees. He also undertook other engineering work including water-wheels for driving paper and other mills. He was also involved in the development of printing machinery and the preservation of food in airtight containers. Some of these improvements were patented, and he also obtained patents relating to gearing, steel pens, paper-making and railway wheels. Other inventions of Bryan Donkin that were not patented concerned revolution counters and improvements in accurate screw threads for use in graduating mathematical scales. Donkin was elected a member of the Society of Arts in 1803 and was later Chairman of the Society's Committee of Mechanics and a Vice-President of the society. He was also a member of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1818 a group of eight young men founded the Institution of Civil Engineers; two of them were apprentices of Bryan Donkin and he encouraged their enterprise. After a change in the rules permitted the election of members over the age of 35, he himself became a member in 1821. He served on the Council and became a Vice- President, but he resigned from the Institution in 1848.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1838. Vice-President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1826–32, 1835–45. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1835; President 1843. Society of Arts Gold Medal 1810, 1819.
    Further Reading
    S.B.Donkin, 1949–51, "Bryan Donkin, FRS, MICE 1768–1855", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 27:85–95.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Donkin, Bryan I

  • 9 Türr, Istvan (Stephen, Etienne)

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. 10 August 1825 Baja, Hungary
    d. 3 May 1908 Budapest, Hungary
    [br]
    Hungarian army officer and canal entrepreneur.
    [br]
    He entered the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Army in 1842 and, as a lieutenant, fought against the Piedmontese in 1848. In January 1849 he deserted to the Piedmontese and tried to form a Hungarian legion against Austria. Defeated at Novara he fled to London and intrigued with Kossuth and Pulszky against Austria. In 1852 he was Kossuth's agent in Italy and was involved with Mazzini in the Milan rising of 1853. He was expelled from Italy and joined the Turkish army as a volunteer until 1854. The Crimean War saw him as a British agent procuring horses in the Balkans for the British forces, but he was caught by the Austrians and sentenced to death as a deserter. Through English intervention the sentence was commuted to banishment. He was ill until 1859, but then returned to Genoa and offered his services to Garibaldi, becoming his Aide-de-Camp in the invasion of Sicily in 1860. On the unification of Italy he joined the regular Italian army as a general, and from 1870 was Honorary Aide-de-Camp to King Victor Emanuel II.
    From then on he was more interested in peaceful projects. Jointly with Lucien Wyse, he obtained a concession in 1875 from the Columbian government to build a canal across Panama and formed the Société Civile Internationale du Canal Interocéanique du Darien. In 1879 he sold the concession to de Lesseps, and with the money negotiated a concession from King George of Greece for building the Corinth Canal. A French company undertook the work in April 1882, but financial problems led to the collapse of the company in 1889, at the same time as de Lesseps's financial storm. A Greek company then took over and completed the canal in 1893.
    The canal was formally opened on 6 August 1893 by King George on his royal yacht; the king paid tribute to General Turr, who was accompanying him, saying that he had completed the work the Romans had begun. The general's later years were devoted to peace propaganda and he attended every peace conference held during those years.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Türr, Istvan (Stephen, Etienne)

  • 10 VERÐA

    (verð; varð, urðum; orðinn, vorðinn), v.
    1) to happen, come to pass;
    ætluðu allir, at þeir myndi tala um mál sitt, en þat varð ekki, but it came not to pass, it was not so;
    þá varð óp mikit at lögbergi, then there arose a great shout at the Lawhill;
    2) verða e-m, to happen to, befall one (slikt verðr opt ungum mönnum);
    þat varð Skarphéðni, at stökk í sundr skóþvengr hans, it happened to S. that his shoe-string snapped asunder;
    sjaldan verðr víti vörum, the wary man will seldom make a slip;
    e-m verðr þörf e-s, one comes to be in need of;
    3) to happen to be, occur;
    í lœk þann, er þar verðr, in the brook that happens to be there;
    varð fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fjord;
    verða á leið e-s, to be on one’s path, happen to one;
    4) verða brottu, to leave, absent oneself (þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at verða á brottu);
    verða úti, to go away (verð úti ok drag ongan spott at oss);
    to perish in a storm from cold (sumir urðu úti);
    þeim þótti honum seint heim verða, they thought that he was long in coming home;
    5) with acc. to lose;
    kváðust okkr hafa orðit bæði, said that they had lost us both;
    6) followed by a noun, a., pp., adv., as predicate, to become;
    þá verðr þat þinn bani, it will be thy death;
    verða glaðr, hryggr, reiðr, to become glad, sad, angry;
    verða dauðr to die (áðr Haraldr inn hárfagri yrði dauðr) with participles;
    ok varð ekki eptir honum gengit, he was not pursued;
    verða þeir ekki fundnir, they could not be found;
    blóð hans varð ekki stöðvat, the blood could not be staunched;
    þeim varð litit til hafs, they happened to look seaward;
    impers., e-m verðr bilt, one is amazed;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed;
    with adverbs; hann varð vel við skaða sinn, he bore his loss well, like a man;
    jarl varð illa við þetta, the earl was vexed by this;
    7) with infin., denoting necessity, one must, needs, is forced, obliged to do;
    þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;
    þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones have to be carried;
    verð ek nú flýja, now I must flee;
    8) with preps., verða af e-u, to come to pass (var um rœtt, at hann skyldi leita fara, en eigi varð af);
    varð ekki af ferðinni, the journey came to nought was given up;
    verðr þetta af, at hann tekr við sveinunum, the end was that at last he took the boys;
    starf ok kostnaðr varð af þessu, trouble and expenses arose from this;
    livat verðr af e-u, what becomes of;
    hvat varð af húnum mínum, what has become of my cubs?;
    verða at e-u, to become (verða at undri, undrsjónum);
    veiztu, hvat þér mun verða at bana, knowest thou what will be the cause of thy death?;
    verða at engu, to come to nothing;
    verða á, to come on, happen;
    þvat sem á yrði síðan, whatever might happen later on;
    e-m verðr á, one makes a blunder, mistake (þótti þér ekki á verða fyrir honum, er hann náði eigi fénu?);
    verða eptir, to be left (honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr);
    verða fyrir e-u, to meet with (verða fyrir goða reiði);
    to forebode (verða fyrir stórfundum);
    verða fyrir e-m, to be in one’s way, as a hindrance (því meira sem oss verðr fyrir, því harðara skulu þér niðr koma);
    verða í, to happen (tókust nú upp leikar sem ekki hefði í orðit);
    verða til e-s, to come forth to do a thing, be ready to;
    en sá er nefndr Hermóðr, er til þeirar farar varð, who undertook this journey;
    verða við e-m, to respond to (bið ek þik, at þú verðir við mér, þó at engi sé verðleiki til).
    * * *
    pres. verð, verðr, verð; pret. varð, vart (mod. varðst), varð; pl. urðu; subj. yrði: imperat. verð; part. orðinn; pl. orðnir, spelt phonetically ornir, Niðrst. 6: in later vellums occur freq. the forms vurðu, vyrði, vorðinn, see Introd.; but the old poets use it for alliteration as if it began with a vowel: with neg. suff. verðr-at, Fm. 6; varð-at, Vþm. 38; urðu-a it, Gh. 3; urðu-t. Lex. Poët.: [Ulf. wairþan = γίγνεσθαι, ἔσεσθαι; A. S. weorðan; Old Engl. worth, as in the phrase ‘woe worth the day!’ Germ. werden; Dan. vorde; Swed. varda.]
    A. To become, happen, come to pass; sá atburðr varð, at …, Ó. H. 196; varð hitt at lyktum, at …, 191; ef svá verðr, at …, Al. 20; ef svá verðr ( if it so happen), at ek deyja, Eg. 34; fundr þeirra varð á Rogalandi, 32; mörg dæmi hafa orðit í forneskju, Ó. H. 73; varð þar hin snarpasta orrosta. Eg. 297; at því sem nú er orðit, Blas. 46; þá varð ( arose) hlátr mikill, id.; varð óp mikit, Nj.; þat varð um síðir, and so they did at last, 240; er þetta allvel orðit, well done, well happened, 187; þau tíðendi eru hér vorðin, Fms. iv. 309 (orðin, Ó. H. 139, l. c.); þat varð ekki, but it came not to pass, Nj.
    2. adding dat. to happen, to befall one; þat varð mér, it befell me, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); varð þeim af in mesta deila, Nj. 189; Eyjólfi varð orðfall, speechlessness befell E., he faltered, 225; þat varð Skarphéðni at stökk í sundr skóþvengr hans, 145; urðu þeim þegar in sömu undr, 21.
    3. to blunder, make a slip; þat varð þinni konu, at hón átti mög við mér, Ls. 40; sjaldan verðr viti vörum, Hm. 6; þat verðr mörgum manni at um myrkvan staf villisk, Eg. (in a verse); skalat honum þat verða optarr enn um sinn … ef eigi verðr þeim optarr enn um sinn, Grág. (Kb.) i. 55; e-m verðr Þorf e-s, to come in need of, Hm. 149; ef þeim verðr nökkut er honum hefir fylgt, if anything should befall them, Hom. 65; annat man þér verða (another fate, death, will be thine), enn þú sprongir, Sturl. iii. 225; cp. verða úti, to perish in a storm from cold, Fms. vii. 122; sumir urðu úti, Bs. i. 71; verða til, to perish.
    4. to happen to be, to occur, or the like; í læk þann er þar verðr, in the brook that happens to be there, Eg. 163; holt þat er þar verðr, 746; varð þá enn brátt á er þvers varð fyrir þeim, þá kölluðu þeir þverá, 132; varð fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fiord, 130; verða á leið e-s, to be in one’s path, happen to one, Ó. H. 181; taka þat sem á leið hans verðr, Grág. ii. 346; verða á fætr, to fall on one’s, feet, Fb. iii. 301; verða ek á fitjum, Vkv. 27; þeim þótti honum seint heim verða, Fbr. 8 new Ed.: verða brottu, to leave, absent oneself; þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at verða á brottu, Fms. vii. 204; verð í brottu í stað, begone, Fs. 64: verða úti, id., Nj. 16.
    II. followed by a noun, adjective, participle, adverb, as predicate; þá verðr þat þinn bani, Nj. 94; hann varð tveggja manna bani, he became the bane of, i. e. slew, two men, 97; hann mun verða engi jafnaðar-maðr, Ld. 24; ef hann vyrði konungr, Fms. i. 20; verða biskup, prestr …, Bs. i. passim; ok verðr eigi gjöf, ef …, it becomes not a gift, if …, Grág. (Kb.) i. 130; verða þær málalyktir, at …, the end was that …, Nj. 88: verða alls hálft annat hundrat, the whole amount becomes, Rb. 88; honum varð vísa á munni, Fms. xi. 144; varð henni þá ljóð á munni, Fb. i. 525; þat varð henni á munni er hón sá þetta, Sd. 139: hví henni yrði þat at munni, Fms. xi. 149; þá er í meðal verðr, when there is an interval, leisure, Skálda (Thorodd): cp. the mod. phrase, þegar í milli veiðr fyrir honum, of the empty hour; varð Skarpheðinn þar í millum ok gaflhlaðsins, S. was jammed in between, Nj. 203; prob. ellipt. = verða fastr.
    2. with adjectives, to become so and so:
    α. verða glaðr, feginn, hryggr, to become glad, fain, sad, Fms. i. 21, viii. 19, passim; verða langlífr, to be long-lived, Bs. i. 640; verða gamall, to become old, Nj. 85; verða sjúkr, veykr, to become sick; verða sjónlauss, blindr, to become blind, Eg. 759; verða ungr í annat sinn, Fms. i. 20; verða varr, to become aware (see varr); verða víss, Nj. 268; verða sekr, to become outlawed; verða vátr, to become wet, 15; verða missáttr við e-n, Landn. 150 (and so in endless instances): in the phrase, verða dauðr, to die; dauðr varð inn Húnski, Am. 98; áðr Haraldr inn Hárfagri yrði dauðr, Íb. 6; síðan Njáll var(ð) dauðr, Nj. 238, and a few more instances, very freq. on Runic stones, but now obsolete.
    β. with participles; verða búinn, to be ready, Fms. vii. 121; verða þeir ekki fundnir, they could not be found, Gísl. 56; verða staddr við e-t, to be present, Eg. 744; in mod. usage with a notion of futurity, e. g. eg verð búinn á morgun, I shall be ready to-morrow; eg verð farinn um það. I shall be gone then: with neut, part., járn er nýtekit verðr ór afli, just taken out of the furnace, Sks. 209 B; varð ekki eptir honum gengit, he was not pursued, Nj. 270; þeim varð litið til hafs, they happened to look, 125; honum varð litið upp til hlíðarinnar, 112; blóð varð eigi stöðvat, the blood could not be stopped, Fms. i. 46, Nj. 210.
    γ. phrases, e-m verðr bilt, to be amazed, Edda 29, Korm. 40, Nj. 169; verða felmt, 105; verða íllt við, hverft við, id.; Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed, as if stunned, Sturl. iii. 285.
    3. with adverbs or adverbial phrases; ef þat bíðr at verða vet, Hm.; ma þetta verða vel þótt hitt yrði ílla, Nj.; verða verr enn til er stýrt, Róm. 321; hann varð vel við skaða sinn, bore it well, like a man, Eg. 76, Nj. 75; faðir hans varð ílla við þetta ( disliked it), ok kvað hann taka stein um megn sér, Fær. 58; jarl varð ílla við þetta, was much vexed by it, Fms. ix. 341; varð hann údrengiliga við sitt líflát, Ld. 234; hvernig varð hann við þá er þér rudduð skipið, Ó. H. 116; hversu Gunnarr varð við, how G. bore it, Nj. 82; verra verðr mér við, enn ek ætla at gott muni af leiða, 109; mér hefir orðit vel við þik í vetr, I have been pleased with thee this winter, Fms. vii. 112; eigi vildi ek svá við verða blóðlátið, fiskbleikr sem þú ert—Ek ætla, segir hinn, at þá myndir verr við verða ok ódrengiligar, 269; þar varð ílla með þeim, things went ill with them, they became enemies, Nj. 39: to behave, varð engum jafnvel til mín sem þessum, Fms. vii. 158; hann lætr sér verða á alla vega sem bezt til Áka, xi. 76; hann lét henni hafa orðit stórmannliga, Hkr. iii. 372.
    III. with prepp., verða af; hvat er orðit af e-u, what is come of it? where is it? of a thing lost; segðu mér þat, hvat varð af húnum mínum, Vkv. 30; hvat af motrinum er orðit, Ld. 208; nú hverfr Óspakr á brott svá at eigi vitu menn hvat af honum verðr, Band. 5; varð ekki af atlögu búanda, Ó. H. 184; ekki mun af sættum verða, Fb. i. 126: to come to pass, varð ekki af eptir-för, it came to naught; varð því ekki af ferðinni, Ísl. ii. 247; Símon kvað þá ekki mundu af því verða, S. said that could not be, Fms. vii. 250; ok verðr þetta af, at hann tekr við sveinunum, the end was that at last he took the boys, Fær. 36; eigi mun þér þann veg af verða, Karl. 197:—verða at e-u, to come to; hvat þér mun verða at bana, what will be the cause of thy death, Nj. 85; verða at flugu, Fas. i. 353 (see ‘at’ C. I. α); verða at undri, skömm, honum varð ekki at því kaupi, the bargain came to naught for him, Al. 7; cp. the mod. honum varð ekki að því, it failed for him:—e-m verðr á (cp. á-virðing), to make a blunder, mistake; kölluðu þat mjök hafa vorðit á fyrir föður sínum, at hann tók hann til sín, Fs. 35; þótti þér ekki á verða fyrir honum er hann náði eigi fénu, Nj. 33; Þorkell settisk þá niðr, ok hafði hvárki orðit á fyrir honum áðr né síðan, 185; aldri varð á um höfðingskap hans, 33:—verða eptir, to be left, Rb. 126, Stj. 124, 595; honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr, Hrafn. 1:—verða fyrir e-u, to be hit, be the object of; fyrir víginu hefir orðit Svartr, S. is the person killed, Nj. 53; verða fyrir öfund, görningum, to be the victim of, Lex. Poët.: e-m verðr lítið fyrir e-u, it costs one small effort (see fyrir):—verða til e-s, to come forth to do a thing, volunteer, or the like; en sá er nefndr Hermóðr er til þeirrar farar varð, Edda 37; til þess hefir engi orðit fyrr en þú, at skora mér á hólm, Ísl. ii. 225; en engi varð til þess, no one volunteered, Nj. 86; einn maðr varð til at spyrja, 82; þá verðr til ok svarar máli konungs sá maðr, er …, Odd. 12; hverr sem til verðr um síðir at koma þeim á réttan veg, Fb. i. 273: fengu þeir ekki samit, því at þeim varð mart til, many things happened, i. e. so as to bring discord, Sturl. ii. 17 C; mundi okkr Einari eigi annat smátt til orðit, Hrafn. 9; eigi varð verri maðr til, there was no worse man, Stj. 482:—verða við, to respond to; bið ek þik at þú verðir við mér þó at engi sé verðleiki til, Barl. 59; at hann beiddi Snorra ásjá, en ef hann yrði eigi við bað hann Gretti fara vestr, Grett. 112 new Ed.; verða við bæn e-s, to grant one’s request, passim.
    IV. with infin., denoting necessity, one must, needs, one is forced, obliged to do; þat verðr hverr at vinna er ætlað er, Nj. 10; varð ek þá at selja Hrafni sjálfdæmi, Ísl. ii. 245; eða yrði þeir út at hafa þann ómaga, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 21; þat munu þér þá reyna verða, you must try, Fbr. 23 new Ed.; þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones have to be carried, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 90; lágu hestarnir í kafi svá at draga varð upp, Eg. 546; en vita verð ek ( I must know) hvar til þetta heyrir, Fms. ii. 146; munu þér því verða annars-staðar á leita, Nj. 223; at hann man verða sækja á ókunn lönd, Fms. viii. 19; ok verðr af því líða yfir þat, it must be passed by, Post.; maðr verðr eptir mann lifa, a saying, Fas. ii. 552; verð ek nú flýja, Ó. H. 188; urðu þeir at taka við Kristni, 105; vér höfum orðit til at hætta lífi ok sálu, hefir margr saklauss orðit at láta, sumir féit ok sumir fjörit, 31, 32; vér munum verða lifa við öðrum veiði-mat, Hým. 16; verða at skiljask við e-n, Skv. 1. 24: the same verb twice, þá varð ek verða hapta, then came I to become a prisoner, Gkv. 1. 9; eg verð að verða eptir, I must stay behind.
    B. Peculiar isolated phrases, in some of which ‘verða’ is probably a different word, viz. = varða (q. v.), having been confounded with verða; thus, verða, verðr (= varða, varðar), to be liable, are frequent occurrences as a law phrase in the Grág.; svá fremi verðr beitin, ii. 226; þeim manni verðr fjörbaugs-garðr, er …, 212.
    2. the phrase, eigi verðr (= varðar) einn eiðr alla, see eiðr; also ymsar verðr sá er margar ferr, in many warfares there will be some defeats, Eg. 182.
    3. to forfeit, lose, prop. of paying a fine or penalty; heit ek á þann félaga er mik lætr eigi slíkt verða, Vápn. 11; æti þik ormar, yrða ek þik, kykvan, that snakes ate thee alive, and that I lost thee, Am. 22; fullhuginu sá er varð dróttinn, the brave man bereft of his master, Sighvat (Ó. H. 236); ek hefi orðinn þann guðföður, er …, I have lost a godfather who …, Hallfred (Js. 210); hér skaltú lífit verða, here shall thou forfeit life, i. e. die, Sturl. iii. (in a verse).
    4. the law phrase, verða síns, to suffer a loss; leiglendingr bæti honum allt þat er hann verðr síns fyrir lands-drottni (i. e. verðr missa), whatever he has to lose, whatever damage, Gþl. 362; þræll skal ekki verða síns um, N. G. L. i. 85; allt þat er hann verðr síns í, þá skal hinn bæta honum, Jb. 207 A; hann kvað þá ekki skyldu síns í verða (varða Ed.) um þetta mál, they should lose nothing, Rd. 253: vildi hann (viz. Herode) eigi verða heit sitt (= fyrir verða?), he would not forfeit, break his vow, Hom. 106.
    C. Reflex.; at þær ræður skyldi eigi með tjónum verðask, to be lost, forgotten, Sks. 561 B.
    2. recipr.; bræðr munu berjask ok at bönum verðask, Vsp. (Hb.); þá er bræðr tveir at bönum urðusk, Ýt. 11.
    3. part.; eptir orðna þrimu geira, Ód.; hluti orðna ok úorðna, past and future, MS. 623. 13; kvenna fegrst ok bezt at sér orðin, Nj. 268; þeir vóru svó vorðnir sik (so shapen, Germ. beschaffen), at þeir höfðu …, Stj. 7; þeir eru svá vorðnir sik, at þeir hafa eitt auga í miðju enninu, 68.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VERÐA

  • 11 Davenport, Thomas

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 9 July 1802 Williamstown, Vermont, USA
    d. 6 July 1851 Salisbury, Vermont, USA
    [br]
    American craftsman and inventor who constructed the first rotating electrical machines in the United States.
    [br]
    When he was 14 years old Davenport was apprenticed to a blacksmith for seven years. At the close of his apprenticeship in 1823 he opened a blacksmith's shop in Brandon, Vermont. He began experimenting with electromagnets after observing one in use at the Penfield Iron Works at Crown Point, New York, in 1831. He saw the device as a possible source of power and by July 1834 had constructed his first electric motor. Having totally abandoned his regular business, Davenport built and exhibited a number of miniature machines; he utilized an electric motor to propel a model car around a circular track in 1836, and this became the first recorded instance of an electric railway. An application for a patent and a model were destroyed in a fire at the United States Patent Office in December 1836, but a second application was made and Davenport received a patent the following year for Improvements in Propelling Machinery by Magnetism and Electromagnetism. A British patent was also obtained. A workshop and laboratory were established in New York, but Davenport had little financial backing for his experiments. He built a total of over one hundred motors but was defeated by the inability to obtain an inexpensive source of power. Using an electric motor of his own design to operate a printing press in 1840, he undertook the publication of a journal, The Electromagnet and Mechanics' Intelligencer. This was the first American periodical on electricity, but it was discontinued after a few issues. In failing health he retired to Vermont where in the last year of his life he continued experiments in electromagnetism.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1837, US patent no. 132, "Improvements in Propelling Machinery by Magnetism and Electromagnetism".
    6 June 1837 British patent no. 7,386.
    Further Reading
    F.L.Pope, 1891, "Inventors of the electric motor with special reference to the work of Thomas Davenport", Electrical Engineer, 11:1–5, 33–9, 65–71, 93–8, 125–30 (the most comprehensive account).
    Annals of Electricity (1838) 2:257–64 (provides a description of Davenport's motor).
    W.J.King, 1962, The Development of Electrical Technology in the 19th Century, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Paper 28, pp. 263–4 (a short account).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Davenport, Thomas

  • 12 verða

    (verð; varð, urðum; orðinn, vorðinn), v.
    1) to happen, come to pass;
    ætluðu allir, at þeir myndi tala um mál sitt, en þat varð ekki, but it came not to pass, it was not so;
    þá varð óp mikit at lögbergi, then there arose a great shout at the Lawhill;
    2) verða e-m, to happen to, befall one (slikt verðr opt ungum mönnum);
    þat varð Skarphéðni, at stökk í sundr skóþvengr hans, it happened to S. that his shoe-string snapped asunder;
    sjaldan verðr víti vörum, the wary man will seldom make a slip;
    e-m verðr þörf e-s, one comes to be in need of;
    3) to happen to be, occur;
    í lœk þann, er þar verðr, in the brook that happens to be there;
    varð fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fjord;
    verða á leið e-s, to be on one’s path, happen to one;
    4) verða brottu, to leave, absent oneself (þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at verða á brottu);
    verða úti, to go away (verð úti ok drag ongan spott at oss);
    to perish in a storm from cold (sumir urðu úti);
    þeim þótti honum seint heim verða, they thought that he was long in coming home;
    5) with acc. to lose;
    kváðust okkr hafa orðit bæði, said that they had lost us both;
    6) followed by a noun, a., pp., adv., as predicate, to become;
    þá verðr þat þinn bani, it will be thy death;
    verða glaðr, hryggr, reiðr, to become glad, sad, angry;
    verða dauðr to die (áðr Haraldr inn hárfagri yrði dauðr) with participles;
    ok varð ekki eptir honum gengit, he was not pursued;
    verða þeir ekki fundnir, they could not be found;
    blóð hans varð ekki stöðvat, the blood could not be staunched;
    þeim varð litit til hafs, they happened to look seaward;
    impers., e-m verðr bilt, one is amazed;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed;
    with adverbs; hann varð vel við skaða sinn, he bore his loss well, like a man;
    jarl varð illa við þetta, the earl was vexed by this;
    7) with infin., denoting necessity, one must, needs, is forced, obliged to do;
    þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;
    þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones have to be carried;
    verð ek nú flýja, now I must flee;
    8) with preps., verða af e-u, to come to pass (var um rœtt, at hann skyldi leita fara, en eigi varð af);
    varð ekki af ferðinni, the journey came to nought was given up;
    verðr þetta af, at hann tekr við sveinunum, the end was that at last he took the boys;
    starf ok kostnaðr varð af þessu, trouble and expenses arose from this;
    livat verðr af e-u, what becomes of;
    hvat varð af húnum mínum, what has become of my cubs?;
    verða at e-u, to become (verða at undri, undrsjónum);
    veiztu, hvat þér mun verða at bana, knowest thou what will be the cause of thy death?;
    verða at engu, to come to nothing;
    verða á, to come on, happen;
    þvat sem á yrði síðan, whatever might happen later on;
    e-m verðr á, one makes a blunder, mistake (þótti þér ekki á verða fyrir honum, er hann náði eigi fénu?);
    verða eptir, to be left (honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr);
    verða fyrir e-u, to meet with (verða fyrir goða reiði);
    to forebode (verða fyrir stórfundum);
    verða fyrir e-m, to be in one’s way, as a hindrance (því meira sem oss verðr fyrir, því harðara skulu þér niðr koma);
    verða í, to happen (tókust nú upp leikar sem ekki hefði í orðit);
    verða til e-s, to come forth to do a thing, be ready to;
    en sá er nefndr Hermóðr, er til þeirar farar varð, who undertook this journey;
    verða við e-m, to respond to (bið ek þik, at þú verðir við mér, þó at engi sé verðleiki til).
    * * *
    u, f. the ‘ward,’ the bulwarks of a ship which ward off the waves; hrími stokkin verða hrökk, Arnór, (also called varta.)

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > verða

  • 13 elemento

    m.
    1 element (sustancia).
    elemento químico chemical element
    estar (uno) en su elemento to be in one's element
    2 factor.
    el elemento sorpresa the surprise factor
    3 individual (en equipo, colectivo) (person).
    4 item, entry.
    * * *
    1 (gen) element
    2 (parte) component, part
    3 (individuo) type, sort
    1 (atmosféricos) elements
    2 (fundamentos) rudiments, basic principles
    \
    estar uno en su elemento figurado to be in one's element
    ¡menudo elemento! / ¡vaya elemento! familiar he's a right one!
    elementos de juicio facts of the case
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=parte) element
    2) (Fís, Quím) element
    3) (Elec) element; [de pila] cell
    4) (=ambiente)
    5) (=persona)

    vino a verle un elemento — LAm someone came to see you

    ¡menudo elemento estás hecho, Pepe! — Esp * you're a proper little terror Pepe!

    su marido es un elemento de cuidado — Esp * her husband is a nasty piece of work *

    6) And, Caribe, Cono Sur (=imbécil) dimwit *
    7) Caribe (=tipo raro) odd person, eccentric
    8) pl elementos (=nociones) elements, basic principles

    elementos de geometría — elements of geometry, basic geometry sing

    9) pl elementos (=fuerzas naturales) elements

    quedó a merced de los elementos — liter she was left at the mercy of the elements

    10)
    * * *
    I
    1) (Elec, Fís, Quím) element; ( fuerza natural)
    2)
    a) ( componente) element
    b) ( medio)
    3) ( ambiente)

    está/se siente en su elemento — he's in his element

    4) elementos masculino plural elements (pl)

    elementos de física — elements of physics, basic physics

    5) (de secador, calentador) element
    6)
    a) ( persona)
    b) (RPl) ( tipo de gente) crowd

    el elemento que va a ese club — the crowd that goes o the people who go to that club

    II
    - ta masculino, femenino (Esp fam & pey)
    * * *
    = component, data element, element, element, item, building block.
    Ex. The primary components in this area are place of publication, publisher's name and date of publication (that is, the date of edition).
    Ex. The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex. In order to support these three elements it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex. An element is a group of characters, a word, phrase, etc., representing a distinct unit of bibliographic information and forming part of an area (q.v.) of the description.
    Ex. Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the ↑ (Up), ↓ (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.
    Ex. This article seeks to explain why current on-line products have, despite tremendous capitalisation, not yet achieved satisfactory returns, but have provided the necessary building blocks towards future products.
    ----
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * elemento afín = nearest neighbour.
    * elemento bibliográfico = bibliographic element.
    * elemento clave = key element, building block.
    * elemento de absorción = absorber.
    * elemento de búsqueda ficticio = rogue string.
    * elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.
    * elemento de entrada = entry element.
    * elemento destacado = standout.
    * elemento esencial = essential, kingpin.
    * elemento importante = major force.
    * elemento intangible = intangible.
    * elemento integrante = fixture.
    * elemento que se repite = repeater.
    * elementos del marketing, los = marketing mix, the.
    * enfrentarse a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * hacer frente a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * luchar contra los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * subelemento = sub-element [subelement].
    * * *
    I
    1) (Elec, Fís, Quím) element; ( fuerza natural)
    2)
    a) ( componente) element
    b) ( medio)
    3) ( ambiente)

    está/se siente en su elemento — he's in his element

    4) elementos masculino plural elements (pl)

    elementos de física — elements of physics, basic physics

    5) (de secador, calentador) element
    6)
    a) ( persona)
    b) (RPl) ( tipo de gente) crowd

    el elemento que va a ese club — the crowd that goes o the people who go to that club

    II
    - ta masculino, femenino (Esp fam & pey)
    * * *
    = component, data element, element, element, item, building block.

    Ex: The primary components in this area are place of publication, publisher's name and date of publication (that is, the date of edition).

    Ex: The Working Group undertook to determine from the data available what data elements should be included for each type of authority.
    Ex: In order to support these three elements it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.
    Ex: An element is a group of characters, a word, phrase, etc., representing a distinct unit of bibliographic information and forming part of an area (q.v.) of the description.
    Ex: Since only twenty or so items can be displayed on the screen at a time, the &\#8593; (Up), &\#8595; (Down), Page Up and Page Down keys are used to scroll through the listing.
    Ex: This article seeks to explain why current on-line products have, despite tremendous capitalisation, not yet achieved satisfactory returns, but have provided the necessary building blocks towards future products.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * elemento afín = nearest neighbour.
    * elemento bibliográfico = bibliographic element.
    * elemento clave = key element, building block.
    * elemento de absorción = absorber.
    * elemento de búsqueda ficticio = rogue string.
    * elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.
    * elemento de entrada = entry element.
    * elemento destacado = standout.
    * elemento esencial = essential, kingpin.
    * elemento importante = major force.
    * elemento intangible = intangible.
    * elemento integrante = fixture.
    * elemento que se repite = repeater.
    * elementos del marketing, los = marketing mix, the.
    * enfrentarse a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * hacer frente a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * luchar contra los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * subelemento = sub-element [subelement].

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Fís, Quím) element
    2
    (fuerza natural): los elementos the elements
    luchar contra los elementos to struggle against the elements
    líquido2 (↑ líquido (2))
    B
    1 (componente) element
    los distintos elementos de la oración the different elements of the sentence
    el elemento dramático de una novela the dramatic element in a novel
    introdujo un elemento de tensión en las relaciones it brought an element of tension into the relationship
    el elemento sorpresa the element of surprise
    2
    (medio): no disponemos de los elementos básicos para llevar a cabo la tarea we lack the basic resources with which to carry out the task
    Compuesto:
    mpl facts (pl)
    carezco de elementos de juicio para opinar I do not have sufficient information o facts o data to be able to form an opinion ( frml)
    C
    (ambiente): en el museo está/se siente en su elemento he's in his element at the museum
    me han sacado de mi elemento y no sé lo que hago I'm out of my element and I don't know what I'm doing
    D elementos mpl elements (pl)
    elementos de física elements of physics, basic physics
    E (CS) (de un secador, calentador) element
    F
    1
    (persona): es un elemento pernicioso he's a bad influence
    elementos subversivos subversive elements
    2 ( RPl) (tipo de gente) crowd
    no me gusta el elemento que va a ese club I don't like the crowd that goes o the people who go to that club
    elemento2 -ta
    masculine, feminine
    ( Esp fam pey): es una elementa de cuidado she's a really nasty character o a nasty piece of work ( colloq)
    su hijo está hecho un elemento her son has turned into a little monster o horror o terror o brat ( colloq)
    * * *

    elemento sustantivo masculino


    los elementos ( fuerzas naturales) the elements
    b) ( persona):


    elementos subversivos subversive elements;
    es un elemento de cuidado (Esp fam &
    pey) he's a nasty piece of work
    c) (RPl) ( tipo de gente) crowd

    elemento sustantivo masculino
    1 element
    2 (parte integrante) component, part
    3 fam (tipo, sujeto) type, sort: ¡menudo e. estás tú hecho!, you are a real handful! 4 elementos, elements
    (nociones básicas) rudiments: no tengo elementos de juicio, I haven't enough information
    5 (medio vital) habitat: cuando va a una fiesta está en su elemento, she's in her element at parties
    ' elemento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    componente
    - disuasiva
    - disuasivo
    - disuasoria
    - disuasorio
    - nunca
    - clasificar
    - dato
    - detalle
    - estaño
    - metal
    - pieza
    English:
    air
    - deterrent
    - element
    - fire
    - lifeblood
    - solid
    - troublemaking
    - unit
    - constituent
    - creep
    - essential
    - fixture
    - ingredient
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [sustancia] element;
    elemento (químico) (chemical) element;
    los cuatro elementos the four elements
    2. [medio natural] element;
    el agua es el elemento de estos animales water is these animals' natural element;
    en su elemento in one's element;
    entre niños está en su elemento he's in his element when he's with children;
    le quitaron el puesto de bibliotecario y lo sacaron de su elemento he was removed from his post as librarian and taken out of his element
    3. [parte, componente] element;
    el elemento clave en el proceso de fabricación es la materia prima the key element in the manufacturing process is the raw material;
    cada elemento del motor debe estar bien ajustado every part of the engine must be fitted tightly
    4. [factor] factor;
    un elemento decisivo en el triunfo electoral a decisive factor in the election victory;
    un elemento de distensión en las negociaciones a certain easing of tension in the negotiations;
    el elemento sorpresa the element of surprise
    5. [persona]
    tiene muy buenos elementos trabajando para él he has very good people working for him;
    elementos incontrolados provocaron graves destrozos unruly elements caused serious damage
    ♦ elementos nmpl
    1. [fuerzas atmosféricas] elements;
    se desataron los elementos the force of the elements was unleashed;
    luchar contra los elementos to struggle against the elements
    2. [nociones básicas] rudiments, basics
    3. [medios, recursos] resources, means;
    carece de los elementos mínimos indispensables para la tarea he lacks the minimum resources necessary for the task;
    no tenemos elementos de juicio para pronunciarnos we don't have sufficient information to give an opinion
    elemento2, -a nm,f
    1. Esp Fam Pey [persona]
    ¡vaya elemento que está hecho! he's a prize specimen!, he's a real piece of work!
    2. Chile, Perú, PRico [torpe] dimwit, blockhead
    * * *
    m element;
    estar en su elemento fig be in one’s element
    * * *
    : element
    * * *
    1. (en general) element
    2. (persona) little horror / little devil
    ¡menudo elemento es tu hijo! your son's a little horror!

    Spanish-English dictionary > elemento

  • 14 übernehmen

    to adopt; to assume; to take over; to take on
    * * *
    über|neh|men [yːbɐ'neːmən] ptp überno\#mmen [yːbɐ'nɔmən] insep irreg
    1. vt
    1) (= annehmen) to take; Aufgabe, Arbeit to take on, to undertake; Funktion to take on; Verantwortung to take on, to assume, to accept; Kosten, Hypothek to agree to pay; (JUR ) Fall to take (on); jds Verteidigung to take on; (= kaufen) to buy

    den Befehl or das Kommando übernéhmen — to take command or charge

    die Führung übernéhmen (von Organisation etc) — to take charge (gen of); (Sport) to take over the lead

    lassen Sie mal, das übernehme ich! — let me take care of that

    es übernéhmen, etw zu tun — to take on the job of doing sth, to undertake to do sth

    2) (stellvertretend, ablösend) to take over (von from); Ausdruck, Ansicht to adopt; Zitat, Wort to take, to borrow; (COMPUT ) Einstellungen to apply
    3) Geschäft, Praxis etc to take over
    4) (Aus inf = übertölpeln) to put one over on (inf)
    2. vr
    to take on or undertake too much; (= sich überanstrengen) to overdo it; (beim Essen) to overeat

    übernéhmen Sie sich nur nicht! (iro) — don't strain yourself! (iro)

    * * *
    1) (to take upon oneself or accept (authority, responsibility etc): He assumed the rôle of leader in the emergency.) assume
    2) (to take control (of): He has taken the business over ( noun take-over).) take over
    3) ((often with from) to do (something) after someone else stops doing it: He retired last year, and I took over (his job) from him.) take over
    4) (to accept (a duty, task, responsibility etc): He undertook the job willingly.) undertake
    * * *
    über·neh·men *
    [y:bɐˈne:mən]
    I. vt
    ▪ etw \übernehmen to take [possession of form] sth; (kaufen) to buy sth
    enteigneten Besitz/ein Geschäft \übernehmen to take over expropriated property/a business
    2. (auf sich nehmen, annehmen)
    ▪ etw \übernehmen to accept sth
    lassen Sie es, das übernehme ich let me take care of it
    einen Auftrag \übernehmen to take on a job sep, to undertake a job form
    die Kosten \übernehmen [to agree] to pay the costs
    die Verantwortung \übernehmen to take on sep [or form assume] [or form adopt] the responsibility
    die Verpflichtungen \übernehmen to assume [or enter into] obligations form
    ▪ es \übernehmen, etw zu tun to take on the job of doing sth, to undertake to do sth
    den Vorsitz \übernehmen to take [or assume] the chair
    ▪ etw [von jdm] \übernehmen to take over sth sep [from sb]
    das Steuer \übernehmen to take the wheel
    die Verfolgung \übernehmen to take up pursuit sep
    ▪ etw \übernehmen to take [or borrow] sth
    ein übernommenes Zitat a citation taken [or borrowed] from another work [or source]
    eine Sendung in sein Abendprogramm \übernehmen to include a broadcast in one's evening programmes
    ▪ jdn \übernehmen to take over sb
    jdn ins Angestelltenverhältnis \übernehmen to employ sb on a permanent basis
    jdn ins Beamtenverhältnis \übernehmen to enter sb in the civil service
    ▪ sich akk [mit etw dat] \übernehmen to take on [or form undertake] too much [of sth]
    übernimm dich [nur] nicht! (iron fam) [mind you] don't strain yourself! iron
    III. vi to take over
    ich bin zu müde, um weiterzufahren, kannst du mal \übernehmen? I'm too tired to drive any more, can you take the wheel?
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) take delivery of <goods, consignment>; receive < relay baton>; take over <power, practice, business, building, school class>; take on <job, position, task, role, case, leadership>; undertake to pay < costs>
    3) (sich zu Eigen machen) adopt, take over <ideas, methods, subject, etc.> ( von from); borrow <word, phrase> ( von from)
    2.
    unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb overdo things or it

    übernimm dich nur nicht — (iron.) don't strain yourself!

    * * *
    über'nehmen (irr, untrennb, hat)
    A. v/t
    1. take over (auch Macht, Führung, Amt, WIRTSCH, Firma); (Staffelstab) receive;
    das Kommando übernehmen take over command;
    eine (neue) Klasse übernehmen als Lehrer: take over a (new) class
    2. (sich kümmern um, erledigen) take care of; (Arbeit etc) take on;
    die Kosten übernehmen meet ( oder agree to pay) the costs;
    die Getränke übernehmen wir we’re buying the drinks;
    eine Stunde (von jemandem) übernehmen take over a class (from sb);
    er übernahm es zu (+inf) he undertook to (+inf), he took it upon himself to (+inf)
    das übernehme ich umg I’ll take care of that
    3. JUR (Fall, Verteidigung etc) take on; (Pflicht) accept
    4. SCHIFF (Ladung, Passagiere) take on board; (Arbeitskräfte nach Firmenübernahme) keep on, continue to employ
    5. (Verfahrensweise, Begriffe etc) adopt; (Wörter) borrow, take; Elektronik:, IT transfer; (Daten etc) import, accept;
    eine Sendung von der BBC übernehmen TV show a BBC program(me);
    Ideen etc
    B. v/i take over (
    von jemandem: from);
    jetzt übernehmen Sie! now you take over!
    C. v/r (es übertreiben) overdo it ( oder things); mit Arbeit etc: take on too much, bite off more than one can chew umg; (sich überschätzen) overestimate one’s capabilities, overplay one’s hand; finanziell: overreach o.s.; beim Essen: overeat;
    sich bei der Arbeit/beim Sport etc
    übernehmen do too much work/sport etc;
    mit dem Hauskauf haben sie sich übernommen they overreached themselves in buying the house;
    übernimm dich nur nicht! iron don’t overdo it!
    'übernehmen v/t (irr, trennb, hat -ge-)
    1. umg (Tasche etc) hang over one’s shoulder
    2. SCHIFF (Wasser):
    das Schiff nahm haushohe Seen über waves as high as a house were coming over the sides of the ship
    * * *
    1.
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb
    1) take delivery of <goods, consignment>; receive < relay baton>; take over <power, practice, business, building, school class>; take on <job, position, task, role, case, leadership>; undertake to pay < costs>
    3) (sich zu Eigen machen) adopt, take over <ideas, methods, subject, etc.> ( von from); borrow <word, phrase> ( von from)
    2.
    unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb overdo things or it

    übernimm dich nur nicht — (iron.) don't strain yourself!

    * * *
    v.
    to accede v.
    to adopt v.
    to take on v.
    to take over v.
    to undertake v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: undertook, undertaken)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > übernehmen

  • 15 Crookes, Sir William

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 17 June 1832 London, England
    d. 4 April 1919 London, England
    [br]
    English chemist and physicist who carried out studies of electrical discharges and cathode rays in rarefied gases, leading to the development of the cathode ray tube; discoverer of the element thallium and the principle of the Crookes radiometer.
    [br]
    Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15, and from 1850 to 1854 held the appointment of Assistant at the college. In 1854 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. He moved to a post at the College of Science in Chester the following year. Soon after this he inherited a large fortune and set up his own private laboratory in London. There he studied the nature of electrical discharges in gases at low pressure and discovered the dark space (later named after him) that surrounds the negative electrode, or cathode. He also established that the rays produced in the process (subsequently shown by J.J.Thompson to be a stream of electrons) not only travelled in straight lines, but were also capable of producing heat and/or light upon impact with suitable anode materials. Using a variety of new methods to investigate these "cathode" rays, he applied them to the spectral analysis of compounds of selenium and, as a result, in 1861 he discovered the element thallium, finally establishing its atomic weight in 1873. Following his discovery of thallium, he became involved in two main lines of research: the properties of rarified gases, and the investigation of the elements of the "rare earths". It was also during these experiments that he discovered the principle of the Crookes radiometer, a device in which light is converted into rotational motion and which used to be found frequently in the shop windows of English opticians. Also among the fruits of this work were the Crookes tubes and the development of spectacle lenses with differential ranges of radiational absorption. In the 1870s he became interested in spiritualism and acquired a reputation for his studies of psychic phenomena, but at the turn of the century he returned to traditional scientific investigations. In 1892 he wrote about the possibility of wireless telegraphy. His work in the field of radioactivity led to the invention of the spinthariscope, an early type of detector of alpha particles. In 1900 he undertook investigations into uranium which led to the study of scintillation, an important tool in the study of radioactivity.
    While the theoretical basis of his work has not stood the test of time, his material discoveries, observations and investigations of new facts formed a basis on which others such as J.J. Thomson were to develop subatomic theory. His later involvement in the investigation of spiritualism led to much criticism, but could be justified on the basis of a belief in the duty to investigate all phenomena.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1897. Order of Merit 1910. FRS 1863. President, Royal Society 1913–15. Honorary LLD Birmingham. Honorary DSc Oxon, Cambridge, Sheffield, Durham, Ireland and Cape of Good Hope.
    Bibliography
    1874, On Attraction and Repulsion Resulting from Radiation.
    1874, "Researches in the phenomenon of spiritualism", Society of Metaphysics; reprinted in facsimile, 1986.
    Further Reading
    E.E.Fournier D'Albe, 1923, Life of Sir William Crookes. Who Was Who II, 1916–28, London: A. \& C. Black. T.I.Williams, 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists. See also Braun, Karl Ferdinand.
    KF / MG

    Biographical history of technology > Crookes, Sir William

  • 16 Smeaton, John

    [br]
    b. 8 June 1724 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England
    d. 28 October 1792 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England
    [br]
    English mechanical and civil engineer.
    [br]
    As a boy, Smeaton showed mechanical ability, making for himself a number of tools and models. This practical skill was backed by a sound education, probably at Leeds Grammar School. At the age of 16 he entered his father's office; he seemed set to follow his father's profession in the law. In 1742 he went to London to continue his legal studies, but he preferred instead, with his father's reluctant permission, to set up as a scientific instrument maker and dealer and opened a shop of his own in 1748. About this time he began attending meetings of the Royal Society and presented several papers on instruments and mechanical subjects, being elected a Fellow in 1753. His interests were turning towards engineering but were informed by scientific principles grounded in careful and accurate observation.
    In 1755 the second Eddystone lighthouse, on a reef some 14 miles (23 km) off the English coast at Plymouth, was destroyed by fire. The President of the Royal Society was consulted as to a suitable engineer to undertake the task of constructing a new one, and he unhesitatingly suggested Smeaton. Work began in 1756 and was completed in three years to produce the first great wave-swept stone lighthouse. It was constructed of Portland stone blocks, shaped and pegged both together and to the base rock, and bonded by hydraulic cement, scientifically developed by Smeaton. It withstood the storms of the English Channel for over a century, but by 1876 erosion of the rock had weakened the structure and a replacement had to be built. The upper portion of Smeaton's lighthouse was re-erected on a suitable base on Plymouth Hoe, leaving the original base portion on the reef as a memorial to the engineer.
    The Eddystone lighthouse made Smeaton's reputation and from then on he was constantly in demand as a consultant in all kinds of engineering projects. He carried out a number himself, notably the 38 mile (61 km) long Forth and Clyde canal with thirty-nine locks, begun in 1768 but for financial reasons not completed until 1790. In 1774 he took charge of the Ramsgate Harbour works.
    On the mechanical side, Smeaton undertook a systematic study of water-and windmills, to determine the design and construction to achieve the greatest power output. This work issued forth as the paper "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills" and exerted a considerable influence on mill design during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1753 and 1790 Smeaton constructed no fewer than forty-four mills.
    Meanwhile, in 1756 he had returned to Austhorpe, which continued to be his home base for the rest of his life. In 1767, as a result of the disappointing performance of an engine he had been involved with at New River Head, Islington, London, Smeaton began his important study of the steam-engine. Smeaton was the first to apply scientific principles to the steam-engine and achieved the most notable improvements in its efficiency since its invention by Newcomen, until its radical overhaul by James Watt. To compare the performance of engines quantitatively, he introduced the concept of "duty", i.e. the weight of water that could be raised 1 ft (30 cm) while burning one bushel (84 lb or 38 kg) of coal. The first engine to embody his improvements was erected at Long Benton colliery in Northumberland in 1772, with a duty of 9.45 million pounds, compared to the best figure obtained previously of 7.44 million pounds. One source of heat loss he attributed to inaccurate boring of the cylinder, which he was able to improve through his close association with Carron Ironworks near Falkirk, Scotland.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1753.
    Bibliography
    1759, "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
    Towards the end of his life, Smeaton intended to write accounts of his many works but only completed A Narrative of the Eddystone Lighthouse, 1791, London.
    Further Reading
    S.Smiles, 1874, Lives of the Engineers: Smeaton and Rennie, London. A.W.Skempton, (ed.), 1981, John Smeaton FRS, London: Thomas Telford. L.T.C.Rolt and J.S.Allen, 1977, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen, 2nd edn, Hartington: Moorland Publishing, esp. pp. 108–18 (gives a good description of his work on the steam-engine).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Smeaton, John

  • 17 Krylov, Alexei Nicolaevitch

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 15 August 1863 Visyoger, Siberia
    d. 26 October 1945 Leningrad (now St Petersburg), Russia
    [br]
    Russian academician and naval architect) exponent of a rigorous mathematical approach to the study of ship motions.
    [br]
    After schooling in France and Germany, Krylov returned to St Petersburg (as it then was) and in 1878 entered the Naval College. Upon graduating, he started work with the Naval Hydrographic Department; the combination of his genius and breadth of interest became apparent, and from 1888 until 1890 he undertook simultaneously a two-year university course in mathematics and a naval architecture course at his old college. On completion of his formal studies, Krylov commenced fifty years of service to the academic bodies of St Petersburg, including eight years as Superintendent of the Russian Admiralty Ship Model Experiment Tank. For many years he was Professor of Naval Architecture in the city, reorganizing the methods of teaching of his profession in Russia. It was during this period that he laid the foundations of his remarkable research and published the first of his many books destined to become internationally accepted in the fields of waves, rolling, ship motion and vibration. Practical work was not overlooked: he was responsible for the design of many vessels for the Imperial Russian Navy, including the battleships Sevastopol and Petropavlovsk, and went on, as Director of Naval Construction, to test anti-rolling tanks aboard military vessels in the North Atlantic in 1913. Following the Revolution, Krylov was employed by the Soviet Union to re-establish scientific links with other European countries, and on several occasions he acted as Superintendent in the procurement of important technical material from overseas. In 1919 he was appointed Head of the Marine Academy, and from then on participated in many scientific conferences and commissions, mainly in the shipbuilding field, and served on the Editorial Board of the well-respected Russian periodical Sudostroenie (Shipbuilding). The breadth of his personal research was demonstrated by the notable contributions he made to the Russian development of the gyro compass.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member, Russian Academy of Science 1814. Royal Institution of Naval Architects Gold Medal 1898. State Prize of the Soviet Union (first degree). Stalin Premium for work on compass deviation.
    Bibliography
    Krylov published more than 500 books, papers and articles; these have been collected and published in twelve volumes by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1942, My Memories (autobiography).
    AK / FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Krylov, Alexei Nicolaevitch

  • 18 कामः _kāmḥ

    कामः [कम्-घञ्]
    1 Wish, desire; संतानकामाय R.2.65, 3.67; oft. used with the inf. form; गन्तुकामः desirous to go; संगात्संजायते कामः Bg.2.62; Ms.2.94.
    -2 Object of desire; सर्वान् कामान् समश्नुते Ms.2.5; Bṛi. Up.1.3.28. Kaṭh. Up.1.25.
    -3 Affection, love.
    -4 Love or desire of sensual enjoyments, considered as one of the ends of life (पुरुषार्थ); cf. अर्थ and अर्थकाम.
    -5 Desire of carnal gratification, lust; Ms.2.214; न मय्यावेशितधियां कामः कामाय कल्पते Bhāg.1.22.26.
    -6 The god of love.
    -7 N. of Pradyumna.
    -8 N. of Balarāma.
    -9 A kind of mango tree.
    -1 The Supreme Being.
    -मा Desire, wish; उवाच च महासर्पं कामया ब्रूहि पन्नग Mb.3.179.2.
    -मम् 1 Object of desire.
    -2 Semen virile. [Kāma is the Cupid of the Hindu mythology- the son of Kṛiṣṇa and Rukmiṇī. His wife is Rati. When the gods wanted a commander for their forces in their war with Tāraka, they sought the aid of Kāma in drawing the mind of Śiva towards Pārvatī, whose issue alone could vanquish the demon. Kāma undertook the mission; but Śiva, being offended at the disturbance of his penance, burnt him down with the fire of his third eye. Subsequently he was allowed by Śiva to be born again in the form of Pradyumna at the request of Rati. His intimate friend is Vasanta or the spring; and his son is Aniruddha. He is armed with a bow and arrows--the bow-string being a line of bees, and arrows of flowers of five different plants].
    -Comp. -अग्निः 1 a fire of love, violent or ardent love.
    -2 violent desire, fire of passion. ˚संदीपनम्
    1 inflaming fire of love.
    -2 an aphrodisiac.
    -अङ्कुशः 1 a finger- nail (which plays an important part in erotic acts).
    -2 the male organ of generation.
    -अङ्गः the mango tree.
    -अधिकारः the influence of love or desire.
    -अधिष्ठित a. overcome by love.
    -अनलः see कामाग्नि.
    -अन्ध a. blinded by love or passion. (
    -न्धः) the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -अन्धा musk.
    -अन्निन् a. getting food at will.
    -अभिकाम a. libidinous, lustful.
    -अरण्यम् a pleasant grove.
    -अरिः 1 an epithet of Śiva; ते समेत्य तु कामारिं त्रिपुरारिं त्रिलोचनम् Rām.7.6.3.
    -2 a mineral subs- tance.
    -अर्थिन् a. amorous, lustful, lascivious.
    -अवतारः N. of Pradyumna.
    -अवशा(सा)यिता f.
    1 Self-control.
    -2 a kind of Yogic power.
    -अवसायः suppression of passion or desire, stoicism.
    -अशनम् 1 eating at will.
    -2 unrestrained enjoyment.
    -आख्या, -अक्षी N. of Durgā.
    -आतुर a. love-sick, affected by love; कामातुराणां न भयं न लज्जा Subhāṣ.
    -आत्मजः an epithet of Aniruddha, son of Pradyumna.
    -आत्मन् a. lustful, libidinous, en- amoured. कामात्मानः स्वर्गफलाः Bg.2.43. Mb.1.119.3-4. Ms.7.27.
    -आयुधम् 1 arrow of the god of love.
    -2 membrum virile. (
    -धः) the mango-tree.
    -आयुस् m.
    1 a vulture.
    -2 Garuḍa.
    -आर्त a. love-stricken, affected by love; कामार्ता हि प्रकृतिकृपणाश्चेतनाचेतनेषु Me.5.
    -आश्रमः the hermitage of the god of love; Rām.1.
    -आसक्त a. overcome with love or desire, impassioned, lustful.
    -इष्टः the mango tree.
    -ईप्सु a. striving to obtain a desired object, यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म Bg.18.24.
    -ईशः, -ईश्वरः 1 an epithet of Kubera;
    -2 the Supreme soul.
    -3 a person possessing all wealth. अपास्य कामा- न्कामेशो वसेत्तत्राविचारयन् Mb.12.287.56.
    -उदकम् 1 voluntary libation of water.
    -2 a voluntary libation of water to deceased friends exclusive of those who are entitled to it by law; कामोदकं सखिप्रत्तास्वस्रीयश्वशुर- र्त्विजाम् Y.3.4.
    - उपहत a. affected by or overcome with passion.
    -कला N. of Rati, the wife of Kāma.
    -काम, -कामिन् a. following the dictates of love or passion, गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते Bg.9.21; स शान्तिमाप्नोति न कामकामी Bg.2.7.
    -कार a. acting at will, indulging one's desires.
    (-रः) 1 voluntary action, spontaneous deed; Rām.2.11.18; Ms.11.41,45.
    -2 desire, influ- ence of desire; अयुक्तः कामकारेण फले सक्तो निबध्यते Bg.5. 12.
    -कूटः 1 the paramour of a harlot.
    -2 harlotry.
    -कृत् a.
    1 acting at will, acting as one likes.
    -2 granting or fulfilling a desire. (-m.) the Supreme soul.
    -केलि a. lustful.
    (-लिः) 1 a paramour.
    -2 amorous sport.
    -3 copulation.
    -क्रीडा 1 dalliance of love, amorous sport.
    -2 copulation.
    -ग a. going of one's own accord, able to act or move as one likes.
    (-गा) 1 an unchaste or libidinous woman; Y.3.6.
    -2 a female Kokila.
    -गति a. able to go to any desired place; अध्यास्त कामगति सावरजो विमानम् R.13.76.
    -गुणः 1 the quality of passion, affection.
    -2 satiety, perfect enjoyment.
    -3 an object of sense.
    -चर, -चार a. moving freely or unrestrained, wandering at will; सर्वेषु लोकेष्वकामचारो भवति Bṛi. Up.7.25.2; नारदः कामचरः Ku.1.5.
    -चार a. unchecked, unrestrained.
    (-रः) 1 unrestrained motion.
    -2 independent or wilful action, wantonness; न कामचारो मयि शङ्कनीयः R.14.62.
    -3 one's will or pleasure, free will; अव्यपवृक्ते कामचारः Mbh. on Śiva Sūtra 3.4. कामचारानुज्ञा Sk.; Ms.2.22.
    -4 sensuality.
    -5 selfishness.
    -चारिन् a.
    1 moving unrestrained; Me.65.
    -2 libidinous, lustful.
    -3 self-willed. (-m.)
    1 Garuḍa.
    -2 a sparrow.
    -ज a. produced by passion or desire; Ms.7.46,47,5.
    -जः anger; रथो वेदी कामजो युद्धमग्निः Mb.12.24.27.
    -जननी betel-pepper (नागवेली).
    -जानः, -निः See कामतालः.
    -जित् a. conquering love or passion; R.9.33. (-m.)
    1 an epithet of Skanda.
    -2 of Śiva.
    -तन्त्रम् N. of a work.
    -तालः the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -द a. fulfilling a desire, granting a request or desire. (
    -दः) an epithet of Skanda and of Śiva.
    -दहनम् a particular festival on the day of full moon in the month फाल्गुन (Mar. होलिकोत्सव).
    -दा = कामधेनु q. v.
    -दर्शन a. looking lovely.
    -दानम् 1 a gift to one's satisfaction.
    -2 a kind of ceremony among prosti- tutes; B. P.
    -दुघ a. 'milking one's desires', granting every desired object; प्रीता कामदुघा हि सा R.1.81,2.63; Māl.3.11.
    -दुघा, -दुह् f. a fabulous cow yielding all desires; आयुधानामहं वज्रं धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक् Bg.1.28. स्वर्गे लोके कामधुग्भवति Mbh. on P.VI.1.84.
    -दूती the female cuckoo.
    -दृश् f. a woman; विमोचितुं कामदृशां विहारक्रीडामृगो यन्निगडो विसर्गः Bhāg.7.6.17.
    -देव 1 the god of love.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -दोहिन् a. granting desires.
    -धर्मः amorous behaviour.
    -धेनुः f. the cow of plenty, a heavenly cow yielding all desires; कलतिवलती कामधेनू; or कलिवली कामधेनू Vyāka- raṇa Subhāṣita.
    -ध्वंसिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -पति, -पत्नी f. Rati, wife of Cupid.
    -पालः N. of Balarāma; also of Śiva.
    -प्रद a. granting desires.
    (-दः) 1 a kind of coitus.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -प्रवेदनम् expressing one's desire, wish or hope; कच्चित् कामप्रवेदने Ak.
    -प्रश्नः an unrestrained or free question; स ह कामप्रश्नमेव वव्रे Bṛi. Up.4.3.1.
    -फलः a species of the mango tree.
    -ला the plantain tree.
    -भाज् a. partaking of sensual enjoyment; कामानां त्वा कामभाजं करोमि Kaṭh.1.24.
    -भोगाः (pl.) sensual grati- fications; प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु Bg.16.16.
    -महः a festival of the god of love celebrated on the full-moon day in the month of Chaitra.
    -मालिन् m. N. of Gaṇeśa.
    -मूढ, -मोहित a. influenced or infatuated by love; यत्क्रौञ्च- मिथुनादेकमवधीः काममोहितम् U.2.5.
    -रसः 1 seminal dis- charge.
    -2 the spling
    -रसिक a. lustful, libidinous; क्षणमपि युवा कामरसिकः Bh.3.112.
    -रूप a.
    1 taking any form at will; जानामि त्वां प्रकृतिपुरुषं कामरूपं मघोनः Me.6.
    -2 beautiful, pleasing. (
    -पाः) (pl.) a district lying in the east of Bengal (the west- ern portion of Assam); तमीशः कामरूपाणाम् R.4.83,84.
    -रूपिन् a.
    1 taking any form at will; कामान्नी कामरूपी Tait. Up.3.1.5.
    -2 beautiful. -m.
    1 a pole-cat.
    -2 a boar.
    -3 a Vidyādhara.
    -रेखा, -लेखा a harlot, courtezan.
    -लता membrum virile.
    -लोल a. overcome with passion, love-stricken.
    -वरः a gift chosen at will.
    -वल्लभः 1 the spring.
    -2 the moon.
    -3 the mango tree. (
    -भा) moonlight.
    -वश a. influenced by love. (
    -शः) subjection to love.
    -वश्य n. subject to love.
    -वाद a. saying anything at will.
    -विहन्तृ a. disappointing desires.
    -वीर्य a. 'showing heroism at will,' an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -वृक्षम् a. paracitical plant.
    -वृत्त a. addicted to sensual gratification, licentious, dissipated; विशीलः कामवृत्तो वा गुणैर्वा परिवर्जितः । उपचर्यः स्त्रिया साध्व्या सततं देववत्पतिः ॥ Ms. 5.154.
    -वृत्ति a. acting according to will, self-willed, independent; न कामवृत्तिर्वचनीयमीक्षते Ku.5.82. (
    -त्तिः) f.
    1 free and unrestrained action.
    -2 freedom of will.
    -वृद्धिः f. increase of passion.
    -वृन्तम् the trumpet flower.
    - शर 1 a love shaft.
    -2 the mango tree.
    -शास्त्रम् the science of love, erotic science.
    -संयोगः attainment of desired objects.
    -सखः 1 the spring.
    -2 the month of Chaitra.
    -3 the mango tree.
    -सू a. fulfilling any desire. किमत्र चित्रं यदि कामसूर्भूः R.5.33. -m. N. of Vāsudeva. -f. N. of Rukmiṇi;
    -सूत्रम् 1 N. of an erotic work by Vātsyāyana.
    -2 'thread of love', love-incident' औद्धत्यमायोजितकामसूत्रम् Māl.1.4.
    -हैतुक a. produced by mere desire without any real cause; Bg.16.8.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > कामः _kāmḥ

  • 19 Bramah, Joseph

    [br]
    b. 2 April 1749 Stainborough, Yorkshire, England
    d. 9 December 1814 Pimlico, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the second patented water-closet, the beer-engine, the Bramah lock and, most important, the hydraulic press.
    [br]
    Bramah was the son of a tenant farmer and was educated at the village school before being apprenticed to a local carpenter, Thomas Allot. He walked to London c.1773 and found work with a Mr Allen that included the repair of some of the comparatively rare water-closets of the period. He invented and patented one of his own, which was followed by a water cock in 1783. His next invention, a greatly improved lock, involved the devising of a number of special machine tools, for it was one of the first devices involving interchangeable components in its manufacture. In this he had the help of Henry Maudslay, then a young and unknown engineer, who became Bramah's foreman before setting up business on his own. In 1784 he moved his premises from Denmark Street, St Giles, to 124 Piccadilly, which was later used as a showroom when he set up a factory in Pimlico. He invented an engine for putting out fires in 1785 and 1793, in effect a reciprocating rotary-vane pump. He undertook the refurbishment and modernization of Norwich waterworks c.1793, but fell out with Robert Mylne, who was acting as Consultant to the Norwich Corporation and had produced a remarkably vague specification. This was Bramah's only venture into the field of civil engineering.
    In 1797 he acted as an expert witness for Hornblower \& Maberley in the patent infringement case brought against them by Boulton and Watt. Having been cut short by the judge, he published his proposed evidence in "Letter to the Rt Hon. Sir James Eyre, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas…etc". In 1795 he was granted his most important patent, based on Pascal's Hydrostatic Paradox, for the hydraulic press which also incorporated the concept of hydraulics for the transmission of both power and motion and was the foundation of the whole subsequent hydraulic industry. There is no truth in the oft-repeated assertion originating from Samuel Smiles's Industrial Biography (1863) that the hydraulic press could not be made to work until Henry Maudslay invented the self-sealing neck leather. Bramah used a single-acting upstroking ram, sealed only at its base with a U-leather. There was no need for a neck leather.
    He also used the concept of the weight-loaded, in this case as a public-house beer-engine. He devised machinery for carbonating soda water. The first banknote-numbering machine was of his design and was bought by the Bank of England. His development of a machine to cut twelve nibs from one goose quill started a patent specification which ended with the invention of the fountain pen, patented in 1809. His coach brakes were an innovation that was followed bv a form of hydropneumatic carriage suspension that was somewhat in advance of its time, as was his patent of 1812. This foresaw the introduction of hydraulic power mains in major cities and included the telescopic ram and the air-loaded accumulator.
    In all Joseph Bramah was granted eighteen patents. On 22 March 1813 he demonstrated a hydraulic machine for pulling up trees by the roots in Hyde Park before a large crowd headed by the Duke of York. Using the same machine in Alice Holt Forest in Hampshire to fell timber for ships for the Navy, he caught a chill and died soon after at his home in Pimlico.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1778, British patent no. 1177 (water-closet). 1784, British patent no. 1430 (Bramah Lock). 1795, British patent no. 2045 (hydraulic press). 1809, British patent no. 3260 (fountain pen). 1812, British patent no. 3611.
    Further Reading
    I.McNeil, 1968, Joseph Bramah, a Century of Invention.
    S.Smiles, 1863, Industrial Biography.
    H.W.Dickinson, 1942, "Joseph Bramah and his inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 22:169–86.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Bramah, Joseph

  • 20 Poncelet, Jean Victor

    [br]
    b. 1 July 1788 Metz, France
    d. 22 December 1867 Paris, France
    [br]
    French mathematician and military and hydraulic engineer.
    [br]
    Poncelet studied mathematics at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris from 1807 to 1810. He joined the Army, gaining admission to the Corps of Engineers. He worked on the fortifications on the Isle of Walcheren in Holland, and in 1812 he found himself on the Russian front, engulfed in the disastrous defeat of the French at Krasnoi. Poncelet was left for dead on the field, but he was found by the Russians and taken to Saratov, where he was imprisoned for two years. He had ample opportunity there to ponder mathematical problems, a mental process from which stemmed his pioneering advances in projective geometry.
    After his release he returned to this native city of Metz, where he undertook routine military engineering and teaching tasks. These left him time to pursue his mathematical studies in projective geometry. This bore fruit in a series of publications, most notably the first volume of his Traité des propriétés projectives des figures (1822, Paris), the first book to be devoted to the new discipline of projective geometry. With his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1834, Poncelet moved to Paris and devoted much of his time to developing courses in applied mechanics in the Faculty of Science, resulting in a number of books, especially the Introduction à la mécanique industrielle, physique ou expérimentale (1841, Paris: Metz). In 1848 he had attained the rank of general and was made Commandant of the Ecole Polytechnique, a post he held for two years. After his retirement in 1850 he was deeply involved in the industrial machines and tools division at both the Great Exhibition in London in 1851 and the similar exhibition in Paris in 1855.
    Most of Poncelet's work in applied mechanics and technology was conceived during the period 1825–40. His technological innovations were centred on hydraulic engineering, and in 1826 he invented an inward-flow turbine. At the same time he directed his attention to the vertical undershot water-wheel, with wooden blades set radially and substituted curved metal blades: he used tight-fitting masonry and floors in the wheel pits so that all the water would be swept into the spaces between the blades. In addition, he ensured that the water flowing from the blades fell clear of the wheel and did not run in tail water. This greatly improved the efficiency of the water-wheel.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    H.Tribout, 1936, Un Grand Savant: le général Jean-Victor Poncelet, Paris, pp. 204–20 (the most complete list of his published works).
    Further Reading
    I.Didion, 1870, "Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages du général J.-V.Poncelet", Mémoires de l'Académie de Metz 50:101–59.
    M.Daumas (ed), 1968, Histoire des techniques, Vol. 3, Paris (briefly describes his technological work).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Poncelet, Jean Victor

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